Man-made Antibodies
Winter*, Greg, and Cesar Milstein*
Nature 349, no. 6307 (1991): 293-299
https://doi.org/10.1038/349293a0
* Nobel Laureates
“Looking ahead, can we even bypass animals and make new antibodies in vitro? Two current strategies recapitulate the great immunological controversy of the 1950s—instruction versus selection. The selectionists are making naive repertoires of antibody genes and selecting those with antigen-binding activity, so mimicking nature. The modern instructionists are using computer graphic techniques to build specific antigenbinding sites. Here we shall describe the manipulations that have already produced some designer antibodies of practical value, and discuss other possibilities for improving on nature.”
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