On the Three Faces of Intelligence
Gardner, Howard
Daedalus 131, no. 1 (2002): 139-142
https://www.jstor.org/stable/20027746
“Once, at a Renaissance Weekend, I found myself on a panel with a U.S. senator, a congressman, and a policy wonk. As a cognitive psychologist with an interest in education, I was nonplussed to be surrounded by this distinguished but (to me) exotic company. About halfway through the hour, the mystery was abruptly solved. One of the panelists used the word “intelligence” and another immediately responded by citing the failures of the CIA during the last quarter century. As was later confirmed, the panels had been constituted by noting key words in our biographies, and both I and the other panelists had described ourselves as experts on “intelligence.” ”
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